How Its Made Electric Motors

HOW ITS MADE Electric Motors

Electric motors are important to modern life and are used in vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, computer printers, fax machines, water pumps, manufacturing, automobiles (both conventional and hybrid), machine tools, printing presses, subway systems, etc.

Talking about the main physical principles behind the operation of electric motors is known as Ampere's Law and Faraday's Law. The first statement states that a conductor in a magnetic field receives a force when the current flowing through the conductor has a component perpendicular to the magnetic field.

When either the current or the magnetic field reverses, a force acting in the opposite direction is generated. The second principle shows that as a conductor moves through a magnetic field, the components of motion perpendicular to that magnetic field create a potential difference between both ends of the conductor.

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An overview of Electric Motor

Electric motors are made up of two important components. The first is a static component that is composed of a magnetic material and a conductor and generates a magnetic field of the desired shape, called a stator.

The other is made from magnetic and electrical conductors to generate a forming magnetic field that interacts with the magnetic field generated by the stator, known as the rotor.

Moreover, the rotor has a moving component of the motor, a rotating shaft for connecting to the machine being driven, and some means of maintaining electrical contact between the rotor and the motor housing.

During operation, the current supplied to the motor is used to generate a magnetic field in both the rotor and the stator. These fields push against each other, resulting in torque in the rotor, resulting in rotation.

To be precise, Electric motors fall into two major categories, direct current (DC) motors and alternating current (AC) motors, depending on the type of power applied.

The first DC electric motor was demonstrated by Michael Faraday in England in 1821. The first commercially available motor was the DC type, which became popular in the 1880s, as the only power source available was DC.

As a result, these motors were used in both low and high power applications such as electric street railroads. AC motors were first developed in the 1890s when AC power became available primarily by Westinghouse and General Electric companies.

However, over the last decade, most of the problems associated with single-phase and multi-phase AC motors have been resolved. As a result, all the major functions of electric motors were developed by 1900.

Two Types of Electric Motor

DC MOTOR
Precisely, the operation of a DC motor depends on the interaction between the stator poles and part of the rotor or armature. The stator contains even poles with alternating magnetic polarities. While each pole consists of an electromagnet formed from a pole winding wound around a pole core.

A magnetic field is generated when a direct current flows through the winding. The armature also includes windings, and the current flows in the direction shown. Meanwhile, this armature current interacts with the magnetic field according to Ampere's law to generate the torque that rotates the armature.

When the armature winding rotates to the next piece of opposite polarity, the torque acts in the opposite direction and the armature stops. To prevent this, the rotor contains a commutator that redirects the armature current of each piece of the armature that rotates the armature.

This allows, for example, all current to flow through the windings that pass through the poles of the North Pole. In the same direction, the windings that pass through the South Pole have a reverse current and generate torque in the same direction that the North Pole produces.

A commutator generally consists of a split contact ring on which a brush applies DC current rides. The rotation of the armature winding through the stator field creates a voltage known as a counter electromotive force (electromotive force) across the armature to counteract the applied voltage. This is the result of Faraday's law.

Besides, the size of the counter EMF depends on the strength of the magnetic field and the rotation speed of the armature. When the DC motor is first turned on, there is no counter EMF and the armature starts spinning.

Whereas, the counter EMF increases with rotation. The effective voltage across the armature winding is the applied voltage minus the counter EMF.

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Author

Calya

Como educador, estou profundamente engajado no desenvolvimento dos estudantes em ambiente escolar, adotando métodos pedagógicos que valorizam conexões genuínas e são movidos por inovação e fervor. É minha vocação guiar os alunos na jornada de se tornarem uma geração notável, empregando estratégias de ensino amplamente aclamadas por prestigiadas instituições acadêmicas ao redor do globo - perfume.rukahair.com