Saint Simon, Charles Fourier, and Robert Owen were the great socialist thinkers before Marx and Engels. They based their socialism on the argument that reason, rationality, logic, and moral principles dictated the necessity of socialism. They did not consider socialism to be the product of the development of the productive forces of humanity. Nor did they conceive of the class struggle as necessary for socialism. Yet many of their radical ideas were incorporated into the theory of scientific socialism in the 20th century.

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